Oil suppliers quick to counter Iraqi uncertainty

July, 09th 2014

Events seldom unfold in isolation and the recent surge in sectarian violence in Iraq appears to be leading to some shifts in Asian crude oil markets. Two things stand out as recent developments; firstly the increasing supply from Iran and secondly the reduction in the official selling price of Saudi Arabia’s main crude grade for Asian refiners.

While neither may be directly linked to the startling advances of militants in Iraq, they show that crude markets will subtly do what is necessary to ensure energy needs are met. Iranian crude exports were 1.21 million barrels per day (bpd) in June, down from 1.33 million bpd in May, according to sources that track tanker movements.

Notwithstanding the small drop in June, Iran is shipping considerably more crude than the 1 million bpd permitted under an agreement between Tehran and the six world powers negotiating a deal to limit Iran’s nuclear programme. China, Iran’s biggest buyer, certainly hasn’t held back in taking cargoes, with May imports rising 36.4 per cent from a year earlier to 757,900 bpd.

And it’s not just China. India, Japan and South Korea all have increased oil purchases from Iran. For the first five months of 2014, imports by Iran’s top four buyers averaged 1.25 million bpd, up 25.3 per cent from a year ago.

The numbers show that the 1 million bpd ceiling is being widely ignored, and the lack of action from the Western powers suggest that they aren’t overly concerned. The possibility, or perhaps even likelihood, of Iraq splitting along sectarian lines is suddenly a larger problem for the West than Iran’s disputed nuclear programme.

While the bulk of Iraq’s oil exports are in the south of the country, which is still under the control of the government of Prime Minister Nuri Al Maliki, there is concern among crude buyers about the potential for disruption.

Iraq is now very much at risk of becoming a failed state, characterised by ongoing conflict between the government in the south, a militant group in the north and a Kurdish breakaway state in the east.

While this scenario is by no means certain, what is certain is that oil refiners prefer stability and security of supply, and will thus turn to Iran over Iraq.

This doesn’t mean they won’t buy Iraqi oil, but it does mean they will seek to lower their reliance on it, and may prefer to buy it through third party traders on a spot basis, thus mitigating risk to themselves.

The decision by Saudi Aramco, the world’s largest oil exporter, to lower the premium for August cargoes of its benchmark Arab Light grade is probably not a direct result of Iraqi instability, but more likely a side-effect. The Saudi state producer cut the August official selling price (OSP) of Arab Light to Asian refiners to a premium of $2.05 a barrel, down from $2.25 for July.

The OSP tends to reflect moves in the Brent-Dubai spread, which has narrowed recently, with the exchange for swaps dropping to $4.17 a barrel on July 1, down from $4.96 on June 13, which was the highest for nine months.

But it’s worth noting that when the Brent-Dubai spread was around these levels in the fourth quarter of last year, the Saudi OSP was higher, being $3.40 a barrel in October and $3.20 in November.

This suggests the Saudis are keeping their OSP slightly lower in order to ensure sufficient supply for Asian refiners, who buy about two-thirds of Saudi Arabia’s crude exports.

What the increasing Iranian exports and lower Saudi OSPs show is that the crude market is adjusting to the threat posed by the conflict in Iraq in a measured way.

While oil prices have gained since the Iraqi flare-up, with Oman futures rising 3.8 per cent from June 6 to July 1, the shape of the curve hasn’t dramatically altered.

The backwardation has eased slightly, with the front-month contract currently 1.9 per cent higher than the six-month, down from 2.6 per cent a month ago.

This shows a little bit of a risk premium has been added to future oil deliveries, but not so much as to suggest the market is in any way concerned about the availability of supplies.

Source: Gulfnews.com